Tom Horvath asked:


Let’s define addiction as repeated involvement with anything, despite excessive costs, because of craving. That sounds similar to habit, with is also repeated involvement with something. What are the differences and similarities between addiction and habit?

Let’s start with some examples of what appear to be addiction. A college freshman ends up in the emergency room after his first binge but is not repeatedly involved with alcohol (although he may soon be). A medical patient on opiates for pain control does not crave the next injection for the “high,” but simply wants pain relief. A low stakes poker player has minor losses, but the pleasure of gambling in this manner, for this individual, outweighs the cost. This last example illustrates how addiction is highly dependent of the context in which it occurs. What is a minor expense for one individual might not be for another.

Let’s also consider the definition of addiction as a disease. The “three C’s” of this definition are craving, consequences and (loss of) control. Although widely used, the craving and control aspects of this definition are inaccurate. The disease definition is all-or-none. You either are an addict/alcoholic or not. In fact there are many aspects of addiction and you could be high, medium or low on any of them. There is no clear dividing line where addiction begins. Secondly, craving is understood as uncontrollable. However, with practice craving is fully controllable. Otherwise addiction is a hopeless situation–but it’s not!

Fortunately, everyone agrees about the negative consequences of addictive behavior. The reason to change an addictive behavior is that it’s bad for you! Although you may enjoy getting high, the rest of your life is falling apart.

If the behavior in question creates more good than harm, we have a positive addiction. Positive addiction is regular involvement with a substance or activity, accompanied by a minor degree of craving, with the benefits of involvement outweighing the costs. Habit is repeated involvement when costs and benefits are about equal. Ironically, the resolution of (harmful) addiction involves the development of positive addictions.

Consider toothbrushing. If you brush regularly (and I hope you do!), but miss one a brushing, do you begin to crave the opportunity to brush? I do, and I believe many others do. The craving is not strong, but there is a sense of having missed something. As severe addictions develop, positive addictions drop out of the individual’s life (including tooth brushing!), and the restoration of these behaviors (and the development of new ones) is a crucial aspect of overcoming the addiction.

Using our definition as a guide, we can say that there is a continuum of repetitive behaviors. At one end lies harmful addiction (costs exceeding benefits), at the other lies positive addiction (benefits exceeding costs). In the middle is plain habit. All involve craving to some degree. We might also describe the continuum as consisting of bad habits, plain habits, and good habits.

The same repeated behavior could be a positive addiction, a harmful one, or a habit. Exercise or wine-drinking are two common examples. Cocaine use is another example, if we consider the coca-leaf chewing of millions of South Americans, which is akin to coffee drinking. Possibly any addictive involvement that lies at the severe end of the continuum, for some individuals, could also be found at the other end, in other individuals (although the behaviors associated with these involvements would be dramatically different).

Some involvements may in practice tend toward only one end of the continuum (e.g., toothbrushing), but what happens normally can also happen in unusual circumstances or contexts. The cost-benefit analysis of any behavior is dependent on its frequency, intensity, context, and other factors. Before we labeled something a bad habit, plain habit or good habit we would need to understand something about the individual’s entire life.



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Bertil Hjert asked:


Addiction to drugs is a result of an individual developing a strange dependency on a prescription or non-prescription drug in order to relieve pain after an accident or injury. Usually, most pain killers result in a kind of habit forming.

In this case, the individual craves for the drug. Drug addiction can also occur when an individual chooses to abuse his or her body via taking illegal drugs. Addiction to any type of drug is a serious matter.

One may require to adopt more than one way to overcome an addiction. Some may be lucky to overcome this addiction but some fail to remain clean for a long time. Relapses have become common under these cases.

It is true that most patients are able to complete a detox program successfully & eliminate the foreign substances from their body but the emotional distress that resulted in using the drug initially may still exist. This is the reason that some people continue using drug to escape their pain.

These days, rehab centers are providing ongoing support to drug abuses as soon as they leave a program.

Former patients are advised to attend therapy sessions that serve as a support group. One-on-one counseling is also provided widely these days in order to help drug abuses to cope with their trials.

The symptoms related to drug addiction cannot be defeated easily. Some drug addicts show clear signs of addiction. However, others are capable to hide their addiction really well. It may easily take about weeks or even months prior to anyone get a clue about the problem. A drug abuser is moody & can be quite irritable. He or she can even exhibit signs of depression or bipolar.

Another common sign of addiction to drug may be stealing or borrowing moneys for buying drugs, sleeping & even an overall change in behavior. People try to stop using drug without going for a treatment. This is not effective. Some are able to come out of this addiction but a relapse is often indicated. The best way to get rid of drug addiction is to get professional treatment.

In order to find symptoms of drug addiction, you need to look for intense cravings for a particular drug.

You would want to use this medicine again & again. As soon as you stop using it, you may develop some unpleasant physical reactions. There are also certain drugs that cause physical dependence as compared to the others.

It is very difficult to break a drug addiction. However, you should not consider it impossible. With good support from your family, friends & doctor & others, you can overcome your dependence on drug.

Here is a list of some of the drugs that you can become addicted to:

a)Cannabis compounds such as marijuana & hashish.

b)Central nervous system depressants such as barbiturates, benzodiazepines, amobarbital, phenobarbital, secobarbital, diazepam, alprazolam, lorazeopam, oxazepam, clonazepam & chlordiazepoxide.

c)Central nervous system stimulants such as amphetamines, cocaine, methamphetamine & methylphenidate.

d)Designer drugs such as synthetic compounds.

e)Hallucinogens, LSD, ketamine & phencyclidine.

f)Inhalants such as solvents, glue, paint & nitrous & nitrous oxide.

g)Opiates. such as narcotic, painkilling drugs, heroin, morphine, methadone, oxycodone & codeine

It is important to speak to your doctor as soon as you come to know that you have been addicted to a particular drug.



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